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Anthropologist

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Real-Life Math

"Math is fundamentally important to our work," says anthropologist Brian Schwimmer. According to Schwimmer, anthropologists sometimes use historical information, usually in the form of numbers, to help them understand changes in cultural patterns over time.

You're part of a team of anthropologists doing some research on marriage in different cultures. You're examining the long-term success of matrilineal and patrilineal societies. Matrilineal societies emphasize the female lineage (family tree). For example, in a matrilineal society, you belong to your mother's family. Societies which emphasize descent through the male line are patrilineal.

In order to compare their success, you examine the population data of neighboring aboriginal tribes in Australia -- some matrilineal, some patrilineal. To measure which has been more successful, you must calculate which population has the most growth. These are the statistics that you have currently available:

Matrilineal societies

  • 1870: 74,540
  • 1950: 71,384

Patrilineal societies

  • 1870: 28,451
  • 1950: 10,939

By what percentage did each population decrease? From this answer, what can you say about which type of society was more successful in Australia during this time period?